and Conventions
Compass directions: N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW + standard intermediates. Note, however, when used as an adjective (e.g. northern Aust., north-eastern coast and so on ) the style is lowercase with a full period: n., ne., e., se., s., sw., w., nw.
Units: Standard SI units and their recommended abbreviations are followed throughout the text. Those used are listed below.
Statistical arrangement: Throughout, simple statistics are presented in the form: MEAN (STANDARD DEVIATION; RANGE; SAMPLESIZE) e.g. 285 g (5.23; 276–298; 14). By presenting the data in this way, if any one figure is missing from within the brackets it is obvious what it is. If only range is available, it is presented in brackets, e.g. 253 g (276-298). If only standard deviation is available it is presented as MEAN±STANDARD DEVIATION, e.g. 253 ±5.23
g. If only the sample size is available it is presented as MEAN (n= … ), e.g. 253 g (n=14).
In the sections on Measurements and Weights, the last column of the tables indicates significance of the t-test of the sample means:
ns no significant difference
* means are significantly different at 0.05
** means are significantly different at 0.01
GENERAL and OTHER ABBREVIATIONS
General and Other Abbreviations are combined here. Abbreviations used in a specific section have this added to the definition, eg. [Food].
| Abbreviation | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| % freq. | % frequency [Food] | |
| % no. | % number [Food] | |
| % vol. | % volume [Food] | |
| % wt. | % weight [Food] | |
| (ne) | ‘no equivalent’ in reference to colour matches with Smyth Color Guide (see Plumages in Treatment and Presentation) [Plumages] | |
| ° | degrees | |
| A | autumn [Food] | |
| A’asia | Australasia | |
| A’asian | Australasian | |
| ACT | Australian Capital Territory | |
| ad. | adult [Food] | |
| ads. | adults [Food] | |
| Apr. | April | |
| Arch. | Archipelago | |
| asl | above sea level | |
| Aug. | August | |
| Aust. | Australia(n) | |
| av. | average | |
| BATH | Banders Aiding the Handbook, a project established to collect data on the external morphology of Aust. Birds for HANZAB especially biometric and moult data | |
| BMR | Basal Metabolic Rate | |
| C. | Cape | |
| c. | circa | |
| CIS | Commonwealth of Independent States (formerly partsof USSR) | |
| Ck | Creek | |
| cm2 | square centimetres | |
| CP | Conservation Park | |
| CSN | Classified Summarised Notes (see Bird Reports) | |
| Dec. | December | |
| Div. | Division (e.g. Kimberley Div.) | |
| excl. | Excluding [Food] | |
| Feb. | February | |
| fl. | flowers [Food] | |
| fru. | fruit [Food] | |
| g | gram | |
| Grp | Group | |
| h | hour(s) | |
| ha | hectare | |
| HS | Homestead | |
| Hwy | Highway | |
| I. | Island | |
| imm. | immature(s) [Food] | |
| incl. | including | |
| indet. | indeterminate [Food] | |
| Is | Islands | |
| Isl. | Islet(s) | |
| Jan. | January | |
| July | July | |
| June | June | |
| juv. | juvenile [Food] | |
| kg | kilogram | |
| km | kilometre | |
| l | litre | |
| L. | Lake | |
| larv. | larva, larvae [Food] | |
| Ls. | Lakes | |
| lvs | leaves [Food] | |
| m | metre | |
| m2 | square metres | |
| Mar. | March | |
| May | May | |
| MIA | Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area | |
| min | minute(s) | |
| ml | millilitre | |
| Mt | Mount, mountain | |
| Mts | Mountains | |
| NI | North Island, NZ | |
| no. | number | |
| Nov. | November | |
| NP | National Park | |
| NR | Nature Reserve | |
| NSW | New South Wales | |
| NT | Northern Territory | |
| NZ | New Zealand | |
| obs. | observations [Food] | |
| Oct. | October | |
| OED | Oxford English Dictionary | |
| p. | page | |
| p.a. | per annum | |
| Pen. | Peninsula | |
| Pl. | Plate | |
| Pll | Plates | |
| PMS | Primary Moult Score [Plumages] | |
| PNG | Papua New Guinea | |
| pp | pages | |
| ppt | parts per thousand | |
| Prom. | Promontory | |
| Pt(e) | Point(e) | |
| Qld | Queensland | |
| R. | River | |
| Ra. | Range | |
| Ras | Ranges | |
| Rd | Road | |
| Rs | Rivers | |
| s | second | |
| S | Spring [Food] | |
| SA | South Australia | |
| sds | seeds [Food] | |
| Sept | September | |
| SF | State Forest | |
| sh. | shoots [Food] | |
| SI | South Island, NZ | |
| SP | State Park | |
| sp./spp | species | |
| St | Saint | |
| Stn | Station | |
| Str. | Strait | |
| Su | Summer [Food] | |
| Sub. | Submission (in reference to BARC, NSWORAC) | |
| Tas. | Tasmania | |
| tr. | trace [Food] | |
| UK | United Kingdom | |
| unident. | unidentified [Food] | |
| USA | United States of America | |
| USSR | United Soviet Solialist Republics | |
| Vic. | Victoria | |
| W | Winter [Food] | |
| WA | Western Australia | |
MUSEUMS and OFFICIAL ORGANISATIONS
| Abbreviation | Organisation | |
|---|---|---|
| AAD | Australian Antarctic Division | |
| ABBBS | Australian Bird and Bat Banding Scheme | |
| ABC | Australian Bird Count (Birds Australia) | |
| ABSA | Australian Bird Study Association | |
| AIM | Auckland Institute and Museum, Auckland | |
| AM | Australian Museum, Sydney | |
| AMNH | American Museum Natural History, New York | |
| ANARE | Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition | |
| ANCA | Australian Nature Conservation Agency (formerly Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service [ANPWS]) | |
| ANPWS | Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service | |
| ANWC | Australian National Wildlife Collection CSIRO, Canberra | |
| AOU | American Ornithologists Union | |
| ARI | Arthur Rylah Institute, Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Heidelberg, Vic. | |
| AUST. NRS | RAOU Nest Record Scheme | |
| AWMM | Auckland War Memorial Museum, Auckland | |
| AWSG | Australasian Wader Studies Group | |
| BARC | Birds Australia Records Committee (formerly RAOU Records Appraisal Committee OSNZ[RAC]) | |
| BAS | British Antarctic survey | |
| BBL | Bird Banding Lab., Fish Wildl. Serv. US, Dept Int., USA | |
| BMNH | British Museum Natural History | |
| BMRC | Bird Migr. Res. Center, Yamashina Inst. Orn., Japan | |
| BOU | British Ornithologists Union | |
| BTO | British Trust for Ornithology | |
| CALM | Department of Conservation and Land Management (WA) | |
| CAMBA | China Australia Migratory Bird Agreement [XXX link] | |
| CCNT | Conservation Commission of the Northern Territory | |
| CEMAVE | Centro Estudos Migr. Aves, Brazil | |
| CFL | Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands (Vic.) | |
| CM | Canterbury Museum, Christchurch | |
| CNR | Conservation & Natural Resources (Vic.)(formerly Department of Conservation and Environment [DCE]) | |
| CRBPO | Centre Rech. Biol. Popul. Ois., Natn. Mus. Hist. nat., France | |
| CSIRO | Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Aust.) | |
| DCE | Department of Conservation and Environment(Vic.) (now Department of Conservation &Natural Resources) | |
| DOC | Department of Conservation, Wellington (NZ) | |
| DSE | Department of Sustainability and Environment (Vic.) (formerly Department of Natural Resources and Environment [NRE] and , before that, Conservation and Natural Resources [CNR]) | |
| DSIR | Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (NZ) | |
| HLW | H.L. White Collection (housed in MV) | |
| IAC | Inst. Antarct. Chileno, Chile | |
| ICBP | International Council for Bird Preservation (now Birdlife International) | |
| JAMBA | Japan Australia Migratory Bird Agreement | |
| KOREA | Korean Banding Scheme | |
| MAGNT | Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin (formerly Northern Territory Museum [NTM]) | |
| MAPS | Migr. Animal Pathol. Survey (McClure 1974) | |
| MM | Macleay Museum, University of Sydney | |
| MV | Museum of Victoria, Melbourne (formerly National Museum of Victoria) | |
| NMNH | National Museum of Natural History,Leiden, Germany | |
| NMNZ | National Museum of New Zealand, Wellington | |
| NPIAW | National Photographic Index of Australian Wildlife | |
| NRE | Department of Natural Resources and Environment (Vic.) (formerly Conservation & Natural Resources [CNR]) | |
| NRS | Birds Australia Nest Record Scheme | |
| NSW NPWS | NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service | |
| NSWORAC | NSW Ornithological Records Appraisal Committee | |
| NTM | Northern Territory Museum, Darwin (now MAGNT) | |
| NZ NRS | OSNZ Nest Record Scheme | |
| NZNBS | NZ National Banding Scheme, NZDOC, NZ | |
| NZWSG | New Zealand Wader Studies Group | |
| OM | Otago Museum, Dunedin, formerly Otago University | |
| OSNZ | Ornithological Society of New Zealand | |
| PWH | Department of Parks, Wildlife and Heritage (Tas.) | |
| QDEH | Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage | |
| QM | Queensland Museum, Brisbane | |
| QNPWS | Queensland National Parks and Wildlife Service | |
| QVM | Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Launceston | |
| QWSG | Queensland Wader Studies Group | |
| RAC | RAOU Records Appraisal Committee (now BARC) | |
| RAC RAOU | Records Appraisal Committee | |
| RAOU | Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union (now Birds Australia | |
| RBC | OSNZ Rare Birds Commitee | |
| RFBPS | Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society (NZ) | |
| RMNH | Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie,Leiden (now National Museum of NaturalHistory) | |
| RNZAF | Royal New Zealand Air Force | |
| RSPB | Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (UK) | |
| RUSS | Russian banding Scheme | |
| SA NPWS | SA National Parks and Wildlife Service | |
| SABRU | S. Afr. Bird Ringing Unit, Univ. Cape Town, Rep. S. Africa | |
| SAM | South Australian Museum, Adelaide | |
| SAW | S.A. White collection (housed in SAM) | |
| SOPAN | Stajca Orn. Polska Akad. Nauk, Poland | |
| TMAG | Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart | |
| VH | Vogelwarte Hiddensee, East Germany | |
| VWSG | Victorian Wader Study Group | |
| WAM | Western Australian Museum, Perth | |
| WWF | World Wide Fund for Nature | |
| ZMA | Zoological Museum, Amsterdam | |
| ZMM | Zoological Museum, Moscow | |
SIMPLIFIED REFERENCES
Some references appear so regularly throughout the text that we refer to them simply as indicated below without date and without including them in lists of references. Personal communications, personal observations and unpublished results are indicated simply by the observer’s initials and name in brackets (A.N. Other)
The list below combines information from Standard References, Additional Standard References, and Bird Reports. Additional Standard References apply to a particular volume or group (volume or volume and group shown in square brackets after the reference). For most bird reports, the abbreviated reference is followed by a year which is the year the report covered not the year published; for Classified Summary Notes and Tasmanian Bird reports, the volume number of the journal in which the report is published is given instead.
| Abbreviation | Reference | |
|---|---|---|
| ABAP 2020 | Garnett ST, Baker GB (Eds) (2021) The Action Plan for Australian Birds 2020. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. | |
| ACT Atlas | Taylor, M., & Canberra Orn. Grp. 1992. Birds of the Australian Capital Territory-An Atlas. Canberra Ornithologists Grp & National Capital Planning Authority, Canberra. | |
| ACT Bird Rep. | Published in Canberra Bird Notes (Canberra Orn. Grp) | |
| Aust. Atlas | Blakers, M., S.J.J.F. Davies & P.N. Reilly. 1984. The Atlas of Australian Birds. Melbourne: MUP. Condon, H.T.1975. | |
| Aust. Atlas 1 | Blakers, M., S.J.J.F. Davies & P.N. Reilly. 1984. The Atlas of Australian Birds. Melbourne University Press, Melbourne. | |
| Aust. Atlas 2 | Barrett, G., A. Silcocks, S. Barry, R. Cunningham & R. Poulter. 2003. The New Atlas of Australian Birds. Melbourne. | |
| Aust. CL | Condon, H.T. 1975. Checklist of the Birds of Australia. Part 1. Non—Passerines. RAOU, Melbourne. | |
| Aust. CL 1926 | RAOU Checklist Committee. 1926. Official Checklist of the Birds of Australia. Second edn. H.J. Green Melbourne | |
| Aust. RD | Reader’s Digest Complete Book of Australian Birds.1976. Sydney:Reader’s Digest. AND Schodde, R., & S.C. Tidemann (Eds.) 1986 Reader’s Digest Complete Book of Australian Birds. Revised edn. Reader’s Digest, Sydney | |
| Aust. Seabird Atlas | Reid, T., M.A. Hindell, D.W. Eades, & M. Newman. In prep. Atlas of Seabirds of Southeast Australia. | |
| Barker & Vestjens | Barker, RD., & W.J.M. Vestjens. No date [c. & Vestjens 1989]. The Food of Australian Birds. 1. Non-passerines. CSIRO, Canberra; and Barker, RD., & W.J.M. Vestjens. No date [c. 1991 ]. The Food of Australian Birds. 2. Passerines. CSIRO, Canberra. | |
| BLI 2022 | HBW-BirdLife Checklist Version 7.0 (December 2022) | |
| Boles | Boles, W.E. 1988. The Robins & Flycatchers of Australia. Angus & Robertson, Sydney. | |
| BW | Birds of the World (2022). Edited by S. M. Billerman, B. K. Keeney, P. G. Rodewald, and T. S. Schulenberg. Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/home | |
| Brown & Amadon | Brown, L., & D. Amadon. 1968. Eagles, Hawks and Falcons of the World. Country Life, Feltham, Middlesex. [Falconiformes] | |
| BWP | Cramp, S., & K.E.L. Simmons. 1977, 1980, 1983, 1985, 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994. The Handbook of the Birds of Europe, Middle East and North Africa — The Birds of the Western Palearctic. Vol 1-9. OUP, London. | |
| Campbell | Campbell, A.J. 1900. Nests and Eggs of Australian Birds. Privately, Sheffield. | |
| Cleland | Cleland, J.B., J.H. Maiden, W.W. Froggatt , E.W. Ferguson, & C T. Musson. 1918. Sci. Bull. Dept. Agric. NSW 15: 1- 112. | |
| Crome | Crome, F.J.H., & J. Shields. 1992. Parrots and Pigeons of Australia. Angus & Robertson, Sydney. [Vol. 3] | |
| Crome & Shields | See Crome [Vol4] | |
| CSN | Classified Summarised Notes, published in Notornis (OSNZ), which, for its first few volumes was published as NZ Bird Notes. Also note that a few CSN (or their equivalent) were published in Reports and Bulletins of the OSNZ (Rep. Bull. OSNZ) which preceded NZ Bird Notes [Bird Report] | |
| Cupper & Cupper | Cupper, J., & L. Cupper. 1981. Hawks In Focus. Jaclin Enterprises, Mildura. [Falconiformes] | |
| DAB | Schodde, R., & I.J. Mason. 1999 Directory of Australian Birds: Passerines CSIRO Publ., Melbourne | |
| FAB | Barker, R.D. & W.J.M. Vestjens. Undated [c. 1989] The Food of Australian Birds. 1. Non-passerines. CSIRO, Canberra. AND Barker, R.D. & W.J.M. Vestjens. Undated [c. 1991] The Food of Australian Birds. 2. Passerines. CSIRO, Canberra. | |
| Fleay | Fleay, D. 1968. Nightwatchmen of Bush and Plain. Jacaranda Press, Brisbane. [Vol. 4] | |
| Flegg | Flegg, J., & S. Madge, 1995. Reader’s Digest Photographic Field Guide. Birds of Australia. Reader’s Digest, Sydney. [Bare Parts Vol. 6] | |
| Forshaw | Forshaw, J., & W.T. Cooper. 1981. Australian Parrots. Second (revised) edn. Lansdowne, Melbourne [Vol. 4] | |
| Frith | Frith, H.J. 1982. Pigeons and Doves of Australia. Rigby, Melbourne. | |
| Goodwin | Goodwin, D. 1970. Pigeons and Doves of the World. Trustees Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Lond. [Vol. 3] | |
| Gould | Gould, J. 1865. Handbook to the Birds of Australia. Privately, London. (Facsimile edn. 1972. Landsdowne, Melbourne.) | |
| Hall | Hall, B.P. (Ed.) 1974 Birds of the Harold Hall Australian Expeditions, 1962-70. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), London. | |
| HASB | Serventy, D.L., V.N. Serventy & J. Warham. 1971. The Handbook of Australian Sea-birds. Sydney: Reed. | |
| Hollands | Hollands, D. 1984. Eagles, Hawks and Falcons of Australia. Nelson, Melbourne. and Hollands, D. 1991. Birds of the Night. Reed, Sydney. [Vol. 4] | |
| Lane | Lane, B.A. 1987. Shorebirds in Australia. Reed, Sydney. [Vol. 3] | |
| Lea & Gray | Lea, A. H., & J.T. Gray. 1935-36 Emu 35:63-99, 145-78, 251-80, 335-47. | |
| Lindsay | Lindsey, T.R. 1992. Encyclopedia of Australian Animals. Birds. Angus & Robertson, Sydney. [Bare parts Vol. 6] | |
| Longmore | Longmore, W. (Ed.) 1991. Honeyeaters and their Allies of Australia. Angus & Robertson, Sydney. [Vol. 6] | |
| Mathews | Mathews, G.M. 1910-27. Birds of Australia. Witherby, London. (All volumes and supplements.) | |
| Morcombe | Morcombe, M. 1990. The Great Australian Birdfinder. Weldon Publishing, Sydney. [Bare Parts Vol. 6] | |
| Murphy | Murphy, R.C. 1936. Oceanic Birds of South America. New York: AMNH. | |
| North | North, A.J. 1901-14. Nests and Eggs of Birds found Breeding in Australia and Tasmania. Spec. Cat. 1, Aust. Mus., Sydney. | |
| NPIAW | National Photographic Index of Australian Wildlife. 1982. Wrens and Warblers of Australia. | |
| NSW Bird Report | Published in Australian Birds (formerly Birds) (NSW Field Orn. Club) | |
| NZ Atlas | Bull, P.C., P.D. Gage & C.J.R. Robertson. 1985. The Atlas of Bird Distribution in New Zealand. Wellington; OSNZ. | |
| NZCL | Ornithological Society of New Zealand. 1953, 1970. Annotated Checklist of New Zealand Birds. Reed, Wellington. Including the 1980 supplement to the Checklist: Kinsky, F.C. 1980. Notornis 27 (Supplement): 1-23. AND 1990. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica. Third edn. Random Century, Aukland. | |
| NZCL 1953 | Ornithological Society of New Zealand (C.A. Fleming, Convenor, Checklist Committee). 1953. Annotated Checklist of New Zealand Birds. Reed, Wellington. | |
| NZCL 1970 | Ornithological Society of New Zealand (F.C. Kinsky, Convenor, Checklist Committee).. 1970. Annotated Checklist of New Zealand Birds. Reed, Wellington. | |
| NZCL 2022 | Checklist Committee (OSNZ). 2022. Checklist of the Birds of New Zealand (5th edition). Ornithological Society of New Zealand Occasional Publication No. 1. Wellington: Ornithological Society of New Zealand. | |
| NZRD | Robertson, C.J.R. (Ed.) 1985 Reader’s Digest Complete Book of New Zealand Birds. Sydney: Reader’s Digest | |
| NZTCS 2021 | NEW ZEALAND THREAT CLASSIFICATION System 2021 https://www.doc.govt.nz/about-us/science-publications/conservation-publications/nz-threat-classification-system/ (accessed 15/2/2023) | |
| OED | The Oxford English Dictionary. Clarendon Press, Oxford. Includes abridgements, such as The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. | |
| Oliver | Oliver, W.R.B. 1955. New Zealand Birds. Wellington: Reed.(reprinted 1970, also including earlier editions of this work: 1930) | |
| Olsen, PD., & J. Olsen. | In press. Proc. A’asian Raptor Assoc. 10th Anniversary Conf. , Canberra 1989. These proceedings have now been published and the correct citation is: Olsen, P D. (Ed.) 1993. Australian Raptor Studies-Proceedings of the Tenth Anniversary Conference of the Australasian Raptor Association, Canberra, Sept. 21-22, 1989. A’asian Raptor Assoc., RAOU, Melbourne. [Vol. 2] | |
| Peters | Mayr, E., & G.W. Cottrell. 1979. Checklist of Birds of the World. Vol.1. Second edition. Cambridge: Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology. and Peters, J.L. 1934. Checklist of Birds of the World Volume 2. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass. and Peters, J.L. 1937 Check-list of Birds of the World. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass. and — 1940. Check-list of Birds of the World. 4. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass. and — 1945. Check-list of Birds of the World. 5. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass. and Mayr, E., & R.A. Paynter Jr. (Eds) 1964. Checklist of Birds of the World. 10. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. [Vol. 6] and Paynter Jr, R.A. (Ed.) 1967. Check-list of Birds of the World. 12. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. [Vol. 6] and Mayr, E., & G.W Cottrell. (Eds) 1986. Checklist of Birds of the World. 11. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. [Vol. 6] | |
| Qld Bird Rep. | Published in Sunbird (Qld Orn. Soc.) | |
| SA Bird rep. | Published in South Australia Ornithologist (S. Aust. Orn. Assoc.) | |
| Schodde & Mason | Schodde, R., & I.J. Mason. 1980. Nocturnal Birds of Australia. Lansdowne, Melbourne. (Note: Published 1981, not 1980 as dated, which has taxonomic implications.)[Vol. 4] | |
| Serventy & Whittell | Serventy, D.L., & H.M. Whittell. 1976. Birds of Western Australia. Univ. West. Aust. Press, Perth | |
| Stepnell | Stepnell, K., & W. Boles. Undated. Australia’s Beautiful Birds and Their Young. Australian Consolidated Press, Sydney. | |
| Strahan | Strahan, R. (Ed.) 1994. Cuckoos, Nightbirds and Kingfishers of Australia. Angus & Robertson, Sydney. | |
| Storr 7 | Storr, G.M. 1977. Birds of the Northern Territory. Spec. Publs West Aust. Mus. 7 | |
| Storr 11 | — 1980. Birds of the Kimberley Division, Western Australia. Spec. Publs West Aust. Mus. 11 | |
| Storr 16 | — 1984. Birds of the Pilbara Region, Western Australia. Rec. West Aust. Mus. Suppl. 16 | |
| Storr 19 | — 1984. , Revised List of Queensland birds. Rec. West Aust. Mus. Suppl. 19 | |
| Storr 21 | — 1985. Birds of the Gascoyne region, Western Australia. Rec. West Aust. Mus. Suppl. 21 | |
| Storr 22 | — 1985. Birds of the Mid-eastern Interior of Western Australia. Rec. West Aust. Mus. Suppl. 22 | |
| Storr 24 | —, R.E. Johnstone & P. Griffin. 1986. Birds of the Houtman Abrolhos, Western Australia. Rec. West Aust. Mus. Suppl. 24 | |
| Storr 26 | —, 1986. Birds of the South-eastern Interior of Western Australia. Rec. West Aust. Mus. Suppl. 26 | |
| Storr 27 | —, 1987. Birds of the Eucla Division of Western Australia. Rec. West Aust. Mus. Suppl. 27 | |
| Storr 28 | —, & R.E. Johnstone. 1988. Birds of the Swan Coastal Plain. Rec. West Aust. Mus. Suppl. 28 | |
| Storr 35 | — 1991. Birds of the South-western Division of Western Australia. Rec. West Aust. Mus. Suppl. 35 | |
| Tas. Bird Rep. | Published in Tasmanian Bird Report (Birds Tas. [formerly Bird Obs. Assoc. Tas.]) | |
| Trounson | Trounson, D., & M. Trounson. 1994. Australian Birds. National Book Dist. & Pub!. , Sydney. [Bare Parts Vol. 6] | |
| Vic. Atlas | Emison, W.B., C.M. Beardsell, F.I. Norman, R.H. Loyn & S.C. Bennett.1987. Atlas of Victorian Birds. Melbourne: Dept. Cons. Forests Lands and RAOU. | |
| WA Bird Rep. | Published by WA Group of the RAOU | |
| Wade | Wade, P. (Ed) 1975. Every Australian Bird Illustrated. Rigby, Adelaide. [Bare Parts Vol. 6] | |
| WLAB | Birdlife Australia. Working List of Australian Birds. Version included in reference eg WLAB 4.1 | |
STANDARD SOURCES FOR PHOTOS USED AND REFERRED TO IN BARE PARTS
- Aust. RD (see Standard References above for full citation) .
- Boles (see Standard Refe rences above for full citation).
- Flegg, J., & S. Madge, 1995. Reader’s Digest Photographic Field Guide. Birds of Australia. Reader’s Digest, Sydney.
- Lindsey, T.R. 1992. Encyclopedia of Australian Animals. Birds. Angus & Robertson, Sydney.
- Longmore (see Standard References above for full citation).
- Morcombe, M. 1990. The Great Australian Birdfinder. Weldon Publishing, Sydney.
- NPIAW (see Standard References above for full citation).
- Stepnell, K., & W. Boles. Undated. Australia’s BeautifulBirds and Their Young. Australian Consolidated Press, Sydney.
- Trounson, D., & M. Trounson. 1994. Australian Birds. National Book Dist. & Pub!. , Sydney.
- Wade, P. (Ed) 1975. Every Australian Bird Illustrated. Rigby, Adelaide.